The Radiation-stimulated Processes In Adsorbed State And Practical Aspects Of Their Applying
THE RADIATION-STIMULATED PROCESSES IN ADSORBED STATE AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THEIR APPLYING
D. Shvets
Institute for sorption and problems of endoecology NAS of Ukraine,
Kiev, Ukraine
The questions of a role of high stable active (including paramagnetic) centers formed under affecting of ionizing radiation on heterogeneous systems are very little elucidated in the literature. This information is necessary for understanding the specificity of processes which take place in heterogeneous systems and practical realization of technologies, directed, first of all, on liquidation of consequences of Chernobyl disaster.
The work is devoted to study by methods of ESR, NGR, NMR, IR, electronic microscopy, and also physicochemical studies of a nature and properties of active centers in irradiated heterogeneous systems on the basis of dispersible materials containing compounds in an adsorbed state.
The possibility of existence in the irradiated heterogeneous systems active structures in a high stable state, namely - radical pairs, atoms of metals in intermediate state of oxidation, atom - hydrogen structures with a changing degrees of electron density, cluster structures of a various type, a high stable paramagnetic biological structures, etc. is shown.
The peculiarities of radiation chemical transformations with involvement of active centers are considered on example of a number of heterogeneous systems.
It was shown, that the radiative treating of heterogeneous systems in complex with the combined schemas of postradiation affecting results in forming new, before unknowns for such systems properties. Their occurrence is experimentally affirmed by such abnormal effects as superabnormal resilience, superhigh brittleness, superhigh coefficient of pressing, superlow friction coefficient, abnormal character of absorb of energy of ionizing radiation, including stream of neutrons, abnormal diffusion ability of liquids through a solid, abnormal absorbing capacity of water-polymeric systems and etc. [1-4]. In the table some characteristics of a number of such systems are presented.
Within the framework of the schemas confirming the possible mechanism of radiation chemical transformations in heterogeneous systems the participation of active high stable structures is considered. The examples of practical use of materials of a various type obtained by radiochemical treating of heterogeneous systems are presented. The advantages obtained materials in realization of new high technology are discussed.
Constructional materials, composites, technology with the use of new materials with the heightened radiative stability and use reliability are developed and proposed for practical application on plants AES, including Chernobyl AES.
Table. Operating factors for a heterogeneous system after radiation-chemical processing
Operating factor
Magnitude
Friction
Pressure necessary to provide product tightness
Internal pressure providing operational reliability
of product
Elasticity at low temperatures (down to 77 K )
0,002
1000 atm
Powder burning
pressure
> 20-times
References
1. D. І. Shvets. Properties and some fields of application of radiation-modification nanocompounds materials. Abstract 1 Ukrainian Conference «Modern problems of inorganic chemical » October 12-14, 1999. Kiev - 1999, p. 125.
2. I.A.Tarkovskaya, S.S.Stavitskaya, D.I.Shvets. Sorption removal of mixtures of radionuclides from natural waters and technological solutions. Journal of Applied Chemistry (Rus).V.68, N.4, p. 624-629.
3. D.I.Shvets .Abnormal effects in irradiated carbon materials and associated composites. Adsorption Science and Technology.1999, vol.17, N 9, p.703-708.
4. D.I.Shvets. Nature of radiative defects on the surface of highly dispersed materials, their role in adsorption and catalysis. Abstracts of the Dutch- Ukrainian international colloquium on catalysis. June 26-30, 2000, Kiev-Ukraine., p.97.
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