The Study Of Dinamic Sorption Oil And Oil Products From Water Medium By Carbon Sorbents Based
THE STUDY OF DINAMIC SORPTION OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS FROM WATER MEDIUM BY CARBON SORBENTS BASED
ON VEGETATIVE RAW MATERIALS
O.V. Kravchenko, V.V. Strelko, D.I.Shvets
Institute for Sorption and Endoecology Problems, Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, 13, General Naumov st. 13, 03680, Kiev, Ukraine
e-mail: dshvets@ispe.kiev.ua
In recent works it was shown, that the carbon materials on the basis of vegetative raw materials are effective absorbers of petroleum from water surface and soils, that predetermines outlooks of their practical application /1/. Despite of high oil-capacity and abnormal nature of sorbents behavior at occluding petroleum, the behavior of such carbon materials both at clearing water of liquid hydrocarbons, and at clearing liquid hydrocarbons of toxic admixtures is still unclear. Such toxic admixture in fuel as resins, sulphurcontaining compounds, formaldehyde, benzene etc. are the reason of ejection in atmosphere sulfur and nitrogen oxides, formaldehydes, the products of burning of toxic admixtures that causes not only pollution of environment (present contribution of "vehicles" to killing a bionomics compounds almost 99 %), but also, most important, are the reason of "new" diseases.
In this connection the studying of features of sorption of toxic products from water and liquid hydrocarbons by carboncontaining sorbents represents both scientific, and practical interest.
Capacity of carbon materials most effectively absorbing petroleum in case of clearing of water from petroleum (of petrol, kerosene, diesel fuel) essentially varies. In result the degree of clearing of aqueous mediums from petroleum is reduced, is enlarged (approximately in 2 times) cost of sorbent. At the same time, as was showed us earlier /2,3/ at usage mixed of carbonmineral sorbents during clearing aqueous mediums the synergetic effect is watched, with the help which one can be augmented efficiency of clearing in 10-100 times. Therefore we delivered special experiments on studying an opportunity of usage of carbonmineral sorbents for clearing water of petroleum. From introduced on a fig. 1 sectional it is visible, that
carbonmineral sorbents really exhibit synergetic effect at occluding both petroleum, and petroleum. The revealed effect of synergism of carboncontaining sorbents at clearing aqueous mediums of liquid petroleum utilised hereinafter at clearing liquid of carbonmineral mediums from toxic admixtures (bitumen, resin).
The received results are indicated in a fig. 2. It is visible, that the degree of clearing of hydrocarbonaceous mediums from toxic impurities at usage of carboncontaining sorbents achieves 96,0-99,5 %, that significantly exceeds parameters of clearing as for clean carbon materials, and natural sorbents.
1-mineral sorb
2-carbon sorb
3-CMS-1
4-CMS-2
1-KAU
2-saponite
3-carbonizate
4-CMS-34-CMS-34-CMS-34-CSM-3
5-bitunen
6-saponite
7-carbonizate
8-CMS-4
Fig. 1 Capacity of materials of different nature toward to oil (1-4) and oil products (5-8)
The sorption properties carbon and carbonmineral sorbents are study on the basis of vegetative raw material and natural minerals during clearing water from petroleum products, and also clearing of liquid hydrocarbons from toxic admixtures. The structures of carbonmineral sorbents permitting to purify water and liquid hydrocarbons up to norms MPС are offered.
Fig. 2 Efficiency of purification of liquid hydrocarbon medium from hard fractions (bitumen, rosins, sulphur compounds)
References
1. D. Shvets. Biocatalysts of petroleum destruction on the basis of sorbents with immobilized microorganisms.Prospects and Limits of Natural Attenuation at Tar Oil Contaminated Sites, Germany, Dresden, 2001: 26
2. D.I. Shvets. Sorption of Toxic Compounds from Aqueous by Carbon and Carbon Composites. Adsorption Science and Technology. 1999; 9(17): 709-714.
3. O. Kravchenko, D. Shvets. About the possibility of the produсing of oilabsorbing carbon materials with high energy capacity. CERECO, Hungary, Miskolc, 2000:82.
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