Synergizm Of Properties Of Biocatalysts On The Basis Of Mixed Carbon-mineral Sorbents
SYNERGIZM oF properties of BIOCATALYSTS ON THE BASIS OF mixed CARBON-MINERAL SORBENTS
D. Shvets
Institute for Sorption and Endoecology Problems, Ukrainian National Academy Sciences, General Naumov st. 13, 03680, Kiev-164, Ukraine
e-mail: dshvets@ispe.kiev.ua
The negative effect of toxic matters of a various nature on a bionomics of the person and surrounding medium acquires disastrous scales and requires search of their solutions.
The sorbents and sorption technologies are represented to one of the most perspective directions permitting it is essential to reduce a load of toxins on ecosystems, but their applying does not allow in complete volume to decide ecological problems.
In work the new approach of warning of ecological impurity – approach basing, on the one hand on localization of toxic matters, with other – destruction of the located toxins up to harmless products or transistorizing them in diverse modular status is considered.
The peculiarity of such approach is that the destruction of toxins is carried out with usage of microorganisms immobilized on a surface as carbon- and carbon-mineral solids.
The basic notice in work is given to selection materials of a sorption-catalytic type (biocatalysts) intended for biocatalytic destruction or localization of various nature toxins – of petroleum, radionuclides, heavy metals it is apart of dangerous viruses.
The model about is carried out selection of a matrix is developed, on which one the immobilization of aborigen microorganisms proceeds without complications and with major efficiency. The conditions of obtaining carbon- and carbon-mineral sorbents for maintenance of an immobilization of aborigen microorganisms of various types are optimized. It is shown, that the immobilization and subsequent viability of microorganisms proceeds effectively under condition of disposition in surface layer of dispersible materials of a transition type bonds being simultaneously a medium for
microorganisms. The types of intermediate frames, their concentrations and nature of behavior of biocatalytic systems in model reactions of destruction of petroleum, transition in the dissoluble form and migration of carrying radionuclides are determined, blockings it is apart of dangerous viruses (choleraic vibrio) in aqueous mediums.
The features of biocatalytic destruction of petroleum on water surface under influencing of the diverse factors are studied by means of X-ray, UV-spectroscopy and liquid chromatography. The efficiency of biocatalytic destruction (on 99-99,5 %) oil and oil products, waste of cattle breeding complexes and human habitability (excrements) for short (some day) spaces of time is revealed high in matching with usual sorbents.
With usage of a radiometry it is shown that the presence of microorganisms immobilized on carbon-mineral sorbents results in intensification in hundreds, thousand times of radionuclides transition process in the dissoluble and relative frame form. On the basis of received results the new approaches of clearing of the radiation-contaminated grounds are offered and approbated in field conditions by introduction in root system of radioheat-sink plants of sorbents – biocatalysts.
The opportunities of biocatalysts are separately considered at neutralization of a choleraic vibrio. It is determined, that blocking and destruction of a choleraic vibrio originates within several seconds in both static, and dynamic conditions.
The dodges of biocatalytic processes and opportunities of their practical applying for maintenance of the person ecological security and surrounding medium are considered.
The high efficiency in comparison with usual methods is revealed – biocatalytic destruction of ecoproducts is more than 99 %, the rate of the process is easily varied.
The practical examples of using the development biocatalysts are presented.
Related articles::