The ecology of environment nowadays

RESEARCH KINETICS METHOD OF AEROSOL CATALYSIS

I.M. Glikina, M.A. Glikin, D.A. Kutakova

State Design and Research Institute of Chemical Engineering "Khimtekhnologia", Vilesov st. 1, 93400 Severodonetsk, Lugansk region, Ukraine Fax: (06452) 25367, e-mail: prin@ixt.lg.ua

There are three kinds of natural aerosols, such as dust, smoke and mist. The dusts consist of solid particles, dispersed in gaseous phase in course of mechanical treatment. A lot of dusts are irregular-shaped particles and even fluidized particles represent flocculent formless aggregates. Particles reach a constant rate during free fall quickly, when aerodynamic resistance imposed on particles equals their weight. If particles sizes are comparable with average gas molecule free path, then their impacts result in Brownian motion, which is imposed on their gravitational settling.

It is known that aerosol is used in finedispersed leather production; as a stuff, for rubbers; in medicine for inhalation and in agriculture for insects, fungous and weed destruction.

We found a new way to use metal oxides of variable-valency aerosol particles, that is in catalysis of chemical reactions. Now we have the results on particles size measurement, indicating the presence of nanolevel particles.

The efficiency of chemical processes by aerosol catalysis technology is defined by parameters of aerosol catalyst particles dispersed in reactor volume. Fluidized bed of inert material in combination with aerosol catalyst create a system, which increases catalyst activity and equalizes temperature in reaction volume.

Development of new technology needs kinetic investigations and determination of optimal regime. Basing on scientific-research literature, the best aerosol technology can be reproduced in gradient-free reactor with vibrating fluidized bed.

We can investigate different kinds of chemical reactions and industrial wastes treatment, regardless of their aggregate state using different kinds of catalysts including noble metals, as small quantity of them is used in experiments. We can easily change catalyst load within a wide range in course of experiment.

Simplicity in determination of kinetic characteristics is connected with catalyst concentration stability in reaction volume and time. Composition of reaction mixture is the same for off-gases at reactor outlet. Due to this fact analytic control and mathematic treatment of experimental data is simplified.

This statement of the question for studying kinetic characteristics provides the following:

1.       simplification of experimental realization;

2.       temperature, catalyst and gas composition stability in reaction volume;

3.       mobility in changing experiment regime;

4.       catalyst and initial component consumtion are minimized;

5.       possibility to control mechanical activation regime for the catalyst;

6.       satisfactory reproducibility of results;

7.       simplification of mathematical treatment of experimental data;

8.       absence of wall effect and unit compactness.

In general, aerosol catalysis method is characterized by the following:

1.       use the whole reaction volume by finedispersed catalyst particles (without carrier);

2.       increase in catalyst activity and reaction rate;

3.       catalyst reduction of amount for chemical processes;

4.       decrease in catalyst costs production;

5.       possibility to regenerate catalyst activity by mechanical treatment in situ;

6.       carrying out chemical processes with substances in different aggregate state, quality and quantity compositions.

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