The Problems Of Deficit Oxygen In
THE PROBLEMS OF DEFICIT OXYGEN IN
THE BOTTOM LAYERS OF THE SEAS
V.F. Sukhovey, B.B. Kapochkin, N.V. Kucherenko, V.V. Lisovodsky
Odessa\’s Hydrometeorological Institute, Odessa
The ecological problems of the Black sea on a significance can be put in the following sequence:
1. Full lack of the oxygen forms of life in 90 % of volume of the sea;
2. Incidental mass loss benthos in the most bioproductive northwest part of the Black sea;
3. Contamination of surface waters by petroleum at their transporting;
4. Contamination of waters of the Black sea by toxic substances, which are carried out by the rivers, and others.
There is a common opinion about a natural genesis sulphuretted hydrogen of contamination of Black sea waters in any way not connected with human activity.
On a problem of loss benthos there are some complementary each other hypothesis. First considers an outcome chemistry agriculture, as the basic reason of a deficit of oxygen in a northwest part of the Black sea.
Second - amplification density of stratification in an outcome regulations a river drain.
Third - climatic modifications of a wind condition. It is based on explicit correlation between a deficit of oxygen and phases of a drop of storm activity.
The fourth hypothesis we shall consider in more details.
Is established, that exists defined lithosphere a condition, which is characterized by modifications of the effort-deformed condition earth’s crust, defining condition underground interchange of water lithosphere and hydrosphere. The selection mineral of waters is peculiar to compression processes. It reduces in an amplification of steady stratification sea about ground of a stratum and, hence, to slacking vertical interchange of gases. The processes of stretching are accompanied by selection of fresh waters with an inverse by effect.
The phase of extreme development situations of mass death inhabitants of bottom layers of the seas in 1970-90 years has coincided with long time by a activity of growth tectonic of voltages in limits of a Alpine-Himalaya seismic belt. It is confirmed by a series force of earthquakes in Romania (1977, 1986, 1990).
The phase of compression was replaced by stretching in 1992-1993 years. In the correspondence with prognosis by evaluations geophysics. In 1989 in a phase of apogee conditions of deficit oxygen in the bottom layers the prognosis of their extinction, since 1993 [1] was given. It was confirmed by magnification of biovariety and bioproductivity.
Let\’s consider critically existing hypothesis of origin oxygen deficit.
Carry in the sea output of chemistry agriculture of substances cannot explain the reason deficit of oxygen in 1922 and 1957, as chemistry agriculture yet was not. Cannot reduce and in a synchronous amplification and slacking deficit of oxygen of conditions in Black, Azov, Baltic and other interior seas.
The second hypothesis based on a defining role regulations of a river drain does not explain as well an extinction deficit of oxygen in 1993.
The fourth hypothesis not only successfully explains the above specified phenomena, but also is confirmed by the successful long-term prognosis of an extinction conditions deficit of oxygen [1], that, under opinion, raises it on a level of the theory.
Basic part of a paper we shall devote to a research of the third hypothesis based on presence of steady correlation connection between deficit of oxygen in the bottom layers of sea by phases and phases of a sharp drop of storm activity.
Let\’s estimate, whether exists reliable the association between storm winds and inflow of atmospheric oxygen in sea about ground stratums cause and effect. The serious theoretical researches of the given problem are absent. There are suppositions, that the magnification of a wavelength reduces in magnification of depth of wind intermixing and, as a corollary, to magnification of enrichment of deep stratums by atmospheric oxygen. However, from the theory it is known, that the wave processes should not reduce in large transitions of masses deep into.
By us were carried out experiment on a measurement of volumes of the dissolved gas in sea about ground a stratum of marine water up to, during development and after storm. It has shown, that the falling of atmospheric pressure during storm and variation of hydrostatic pressure in deep stratums at developed disturbance is accompanied by processes the degassing (passage of the dissolved gases in the free form - bubbles and natural by an exit them in atmosphere).
Volume of the dissolved gases, including oxygen, during storm in marine water decreases in 1.5 times.
Thus presence steady cause and effect connections between wind environments and deficit of oxygen in the bottom layers calls doupts and requires the further study. However it is impossible to deny presence force of correlation connection between these appearances, which can be a corollary of existence of the common reason calling them. This reason can be spatially - temporarily variability ectoplasm of a condition lithosphere. This condition, on the one hand, forms special gasgydrochemical a condition sea about ground of a stratum, that promotes (does not promote) origin conditions of deficit of oxygen, and on the other hand, the modifications of a condition of a underlying surface form defined meteorological conditions [2, 3].
As will be shown below, the processes of stretching in earth’s crust form large regional gradients of atmospheric pressure and, as a corollary, storm winds. And in phases the prevail of compression processes it does not happen.
As an example we shall consider a synoptic situation in Europe on July 8-10.
In a geodynamic plan on July 8 is a time high-power geodeformations of processes genesis having fl. the Earth (quadrature inflow, redouble by high-power gravitational anomaly between a Solar eclipse on July 1 and Lunar eclipse on July 15).
July 5-6 in an outcome geodeformations of processes the amount of appreciable earthquakes on the Earth was increased in 1,5-2 times. In Europe of earthquake have passed in Alpine-Himalaya seismoactive to zone (in region of Gibraltar on July -5, М = 4.5; in region of Caucasus - July 5, М = 4.2; in region of Turkey - July 7, М = 4.9). Force the earthquakes were absent, that speaks about process of stretching usually accompanied high-power heat flow. Such processes essentially limit a horizontal movement in atmosphere. July 8 at the moment of maximum strains tide in the Earth genesis plastic of a strain, characteristic of stretching, were replaced by compression (probably, rotational nature). July 8 from eight earthquakes on the Earth two were with М ³ 5.5, and July 10 from seven pushes three were with М ³ 5.5.
In the region the process non plasticity of strains described by sharp compression of units and reduction of geothermal streams of heat was reflected bring down of a part of structures in Odessa on July 8 and other effects.
Let\’s consider singularities of synoptic circumstances in a phase of change of geothermal streams of heat, that is in a phase of a sharp extinction of vertical processes.
On Figure 1 the synoptic circumstances usual during high-power processes of stretching in Mediterranean are shown. A diffusion field of pressure here is observed low gradient. This region bounds with high gradient by a barometric field above Atlantic and Northern Europe. The zone high gradient of a field is separated from zone low gradient of a field by atmospheric front. The place this zone coincide with place of global geological linear zone [4].
Exotic from a classical point of view there is an effect of braking of a jet stream in region Biscay of a Bay.
Analyzing a power engineering of this situation it is possible to assume, that the not sold potential energy high gradient of a field "П" is blocked by geothermal processes "Q" of the same scale or more, probably, by creation of vertical spatial barriers of a dynamic nature, due to which the accumulation of this potential energy was possible. The evaluation of magnitude of an energy "Q" can be carried out by a solution of an inequality (1).
(1)
On Figures 2, 3 it is possible to see, as the accumulated potential energy is realized as a high-power jet stream breaking on Europe after sharp compression earth’s crust and an extinctions influx of a geothermal energy, demarcation in the past high gradients and low gradients of a field.
After of two day the compression process was again replaced by stretching and renewing of vertical streams geothermal of an energy blocking horizontal transposition. In an outcome it the generated deep cyclone above North Sea with pressure in a center 987 mbar (the Figure 4) sharply has slowed translational driving, has changed trajectory on 90° and beginnings to be filled, his(its) cold front has gained the form of a rectilinear band by an expansion about 2000 km and beginnings to collapse (Figure 5). The filling of a cyclone (Figure 6) has taken place in an outcome of interaction of a warm sector with linear formation geothermal genesis of a meridional extension on 20° of northern latitude. Energy of this formation "Q" is not less a kinetic energy "K" of a considered deep cyclone and can be appreciated from an inequality 2.
(2)
The evaluation of an energy of this cyclone on [5] makes 1019 joules. Hence, the endogenic energy should exceed an energy of this cyclone. It is important to note, that the intensive endogenic of an energy (energy of geothermal processes) is more than a intensive of a kinetic energy of the given cyclone as a minimum in 10 times. For a comparison, the energy 1019 joules is about equal to an annual current consumption USA [6].
In summary it is possible to note, that intensity of storm winds, as well as the variations of concentration oxygen in sea above ground a stratum, can be determined by the common reason - variations of voltages in earth’s crust. That is, the storm conditions are not the direct reason deficit of oxygen in the bottom layers of the seas.
Fig. 1 The map of weather July 8th 2000
Fig.2 Satellite image of Europe July 9th 2000, 00:00
Fig.3 Satellite image of Europe July 9th 2000,06:00
Fig. 4 The map of weather July 8th 2000
Fig.5 Satellite image of Europe July 9th 2000,18:00
Fig.6 Satellite image of Europe July 10th 2000,18:00
References
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2. B.B.Kapochkin, N.V.Kucherenko, V.V.Lisovodsky , «Endogenic processes and wether formation factors», XXV General Assembli of European Geophysical Society, 25-29 April 2000, Nice, France;
3. Б.Б.Капочкин, Н.В.Кучеренко, В.В.Лисоводский «Проблемы гидрометеорологического обеспечения курортно-рекреационной отрасли Одесского региона», Сборник научных статей «Экологические проблемы городов, рекриационных зон и природоохранных территорий», Одесса, ОЦНТЭИ, 2000 г., с.112-117;
4. В.Е.Сонюшкин, А.Е.Федоров, А.И.Полетаев. Корреляция геоморфологии ядра Земли и планетарных геологических структур. Доклады Академии наук. 1993. том 332. N 4 с.479-483.
5. А.С. Зверев и др. «Курс метеорологии», Л., Гидромеоиздат, 1951 г., 887 с
6. Дж. Гир, Х. Шах «Зыбкая твердь», М., Мир, 1988 г., 222 c.
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