The New Approaches To The Ecosafety System Creation In Seaports
THE NEW APPROACHES TO THE ECOSAFETY SYSTEM CREATION IN SEAPORTS
L.M. Shafran1, V.I. Manovitsky2
2Research-and-production branch «Orbita»
1Ukarinian Research Institute of Transport Medicine, Odessa, Ukraine
The seaports are transport and industrial complexes located in feature of large urban conglomerations, through which passes not only the most part of exported and imported cargoes, but also overload them on the other types of transport (railway, automobile, pipeline). In the last years the ports became the main system-conducting element of the sea industrial complex of the country. That fact testifies to scales and importance them in considered branch that the Ukrainian ports are capable to process more than 150 mln.t. of cargoes per year. In such conducting ports, as Odessa and Feodosiya, the energy carriers (oil, petroleum products and the liquefied gases) make till 50-90% of the cargo turnover. Inclusion in this process builded oil terminal in the port Yuzny, ferry complex in the port Illichevsk, increasing of the gas- and the oil extractings on the Asov and Black Sea continental shelf, the Transport corridors creation essentially raise the degree of ecological risk and the creations of the effective ecosafety system, covering all technological processes of the dangerous cargoes transport, overloading and storage is required. Any partly decisions in ports, which concern this multiaspect problem, don\’t solves the dangerous goods ecosafety problem as a whole and even frequently can enter in the contradictions. So, for example, what is good for oil terminal can appear unsuccessful for elevator, and on the contrary. The speech should go about creation of the complex ecosafety system in ports, in which the basis of the following ecological components should be fixed.
Firstly, this presence scientifically - is proved the concepts, which would cover all problems as a whole. Secondly, it means inclusion in the ecosafety sphere not only the port administration, but also all those companies, which are engaged and provide here any kind of economic activity. As the third moment it is necessary to allocate necessity of an output on standartization for all participants of this process in the ISO system.
To number of attempts to result the all above mentioned aspects in uniform system there was developed three years before under aegis of the Ukrainian National Academy of Scienses (NASU) with the experts of the interested departments participation a concept of the project «Multipurpose Ecological Stationary Complex «Ecoport» to creation [1-3]. The given concept has passed discussion on a number of seminars and conferences, including the International meeting of the experts of USA on ports, businessmen of some large American navigable companies and developers of the project power, organized by the US Department of Energetic and NASU (Odessa, September,1999), and International Conference «Ecological Problems of the Black Sea» (Odessa, October, 1999). During approbation of the concept idea of the ecosafety system creation has received a positive estimation and support of a wide circle of the experts. At the same time, a number of the remarks and offers directed on improvement of the project were stated.
What the base aspects of the concept of the «Ecoport» project require, on our sight, updatings, completions and reconsideration?
The «Ecoport» project was developed with the reference to a problem of oil and petroleum product overloading in ports. This question is included into the contradiction with the ecosafety requirements of other dangerous goods processing. So, for example, on the present moment, an urgent task is the organization of processing in the port of Odessa the liquefied gases (propane-butane). At the same time formally there is a number of questions, which brake this problem decision.
The ideology of the «Ecoport» project, which was solved only from the oil harbour position, is unacceptable for other variants of the dangerous goods overloading process. Not only oil and petroleum products are the objects of ecological and hygienic researches, but also organic solvents, some highly toxic chemicals and liquefied gases, such as ammonia, propane-butane, butanol, MEK, methanol, xylenes, toluene, styrene, acrylonitrile, acids and alkalis, which are widely transported by the specialized chemical tankers, gas carriers, universal ships and railway ferries. The orientation of the «Ecoport» project on creation of stationary system can be considered as a special case and doesn\’t solve the problem of the port ecosafety as a whole.
Proceeding from an essence of an examined urgent complex problem, the purpose of the developed project is the scientific substantiation, development and introduction in the port work practice the essentially new approaches to maintenance of ecological safety on the basis of creation of an uniform information field, integration of the port administration efforts, personnel of overloading complexes, shippers, transporters (carriers) and forwarding agent companies on unification of all necessary measures, rational grouping, perfection of criteria and methods of the laboratory control. Also the effective prospective system of the State ecological and hygienic supervision in the sea and river ports of Ukraine construction for the risk of ecological danger estimation for effective outstripping management of the operative conditions on the water transport.
The important aspect of the examined ecosafety system creation is its close connection with the decision of the tasks of the both workers and cities population health protection. The problem of the sea pollution covers a number of central questions, which are taking place in the direct competence of the Sanitary and Epidemiological Service on the Water Transport. It is necessary to pay attention to the such moments, as the influence of the oil and other dangerous goods spills on the recreation and rehabilitation conditions of the territories, for example, beaches in areas of the port arrangement. The territory contamination by petroleum, chemical and microbial pollution of coastal waters is sharply worsened with the rest conditions, sometimes being by the reason of the beaches closing.
The urgent concept of the special emergent sea branch creation for prevention and liquidation of extreme situations connected to the oil and other dangerous goods loading and their failures at transportation process is represented. It is necessary for adding by situations concerning such aspects of the problem, as a safety working contingents and health of the cities population preservation. Not the smaller alarm is caused by completeness and degree of clearing of ballast and waste water before emission in territorial waters and in the port aquatories, presence in them of pathogenic bacteria. The considered complex ecosafety system opens new opportunities of management not only ecological, hygienic and epidemic conditions in port, but also allows to solve the tasks of interregional interaction.
The special place in the decision of a complex problem is allocated aspect of information maintenance that is especially important at the decision of the operative character tasks. This circle of tasks is connected to the analysis of the usual emergency and construction alternative, most acceptable, from the point of the experts view, variants of the contingensing plans etc. The task of reception and emergency finishing of the information about the arisen extreme situation up to the persons accepting decision, at the present stage leaves on the foreground and requires development of the conceptual bases creation of a uniform information field for acceptance of the proved objective decisions under the prevention and liquidation of consequences at the emergencies occurrence. The given aspect of a problem by a separate line has sounded at the seminar « Environment and Reaction to Oil Spills in the Black Sea », Constance, July, 2000.
The base element of an information field is the automated databank ensuring the decision of tasks at all levels and stages of management by process of acceptance of the decisions. Now is saved enough wide experience of creation of bases, of databanks and knowledge [4,5], the huge volumes of the information on many fields of knowledge (oceanology, hydrobiology, sea geology etc.). Basically it is the data of long-term supervision, which are used with success in scientific researches and forecasts.
The discussed databank provides creation of an information field for the decision of tasks of the analysis of situations and acceptance of the decisions. Quality and efficiency of the accepted decisions on planning actions at emergencies in many respects depend on accuracy and reliability of the initial information. It unites in itself the information on ports, courts, cargoes current weather-reports, ways, methods and means of liquidation of oil spills, organizations conducting these works etc. The special place in this list is allocated the information of operative character on the current condition of controlled objects and their elements, that represents one of the most complex problems at creation of a similar sort of systems. It is necessary to note the achievement in this direction of the port of Odessa [6]. For creation of a general information space of the all management services of the port captain and the main controller\’s office of port the system VTMIS is created. The presence of this system allows to receive the information on a position of ships in the port and in the sea, directory of ships, navigation and hydrographic maintenance, indication of the automatic meteorological service. The items of information on current conditions are operatively accessible to the clients of a computer network. Such system can become a key element for creation of expert system of acceptance of the decisions under the prevention and liquidation of emergencies in port.
In the summary it is necessary to emphasize, that the further development and introduction of complex ecosafety system of the seaports should be coordinated and corresponding with economic activity of the hole sea economic complex for achievement its three basic parameters: productivity, quality, safety. For their maintenance it is necessary to have not only appropriate material base and interested qualified personnel, but also precise control system of quality and safety, including certification of manufacture. The project foresees the solution for ecological tasks as an essential part of the port economic activity. It is based on ecologically safe, energy-efficient and science intensive technologies. It is a guarantee for introduction of ideology of new port adequate 21 centuries.
References
1. V.I. Manovitsky, V.I. Michailov, L.M. Shafran, A.Y. Shulte. The concept of creation of a multi-purpose ecological stationary complex «Ecoport». - Ecological problems of the Black sea / OCSTEI; - Odessa: OCSTEI, 1999. -P.131-135. (Russ.).
2. N.I. Golubyatnikov. Hygienic problems of realization of the project «Ecoport». - Ecological problems of the Black sea / OCSTEI; - Odessa: OCSTEI, 1999. -P.76-81. (Russ.).
3. V.I. Manovitsky, L.M. Shafran. Information maintenance of the project «Ecoport». - Ecological problems of the Black sea/ OCSTEI; - Odessa: OCSTEI, 1999. -P.126-130. (Russ.).
4. Oceanographic information systems, bases both databanks and knowledge // NAS of Ukraine,Sea hydrophys.Inst. - Sevastopol, 1993. - 102p. (Russ.).
5. Organization and architecture of the multifunctional national distributed(allocated) system of accumulation, storage, processing and granting oceanographic data (NBOD) // Grischenko V.I., Alexeenko E.A., Dovgallo A.M., Ischenko A.V. etc. - Kiev, 1998. - 38p. -NAS of Ukraine, Mines. Formations(education) of Ukraine. (Russ.).
6. A. Charitoshkin, V. Novichenko, V. Filin. Computer system capitanii of the Odessa port. - Ports of Ukraine. An information-analytical magazine. -2000, - № 2. -P.50-51. (Russ.).
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