Prichernomor State Regional Geological Enterprise, Odessa, Ukraine
THE INFLUENCE OF EXPORTATION OF THE DANUBE
AND DNIESTR RIVERS pollution on THE BLACK SEA ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
S.A. Dvoradkin, E.G. Kalachlinskay
Prichernomor State Regional Geological Enterprise, Odessa, Ukraine
In course of 1997-2000 seasonal (winter - summer) researches the data of litology of the bottom sedimets of chemical structure of sea and estuarial water, composition, biogene elements, toxic metals, pesticides, organic carbon surfactants, petroleum hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulphite, SiO2, temperature, salinity, electroconductivity etc. in the northwest part of the Black sea. On aprofil from the mouth of Danube up to Dniestr estuary 50 stations and on Dniestr estuary 12 stations were selected and the tests of water and base adjourment are investigated. Are made generalization and processing of being available share data\’s on an ecological condition of a coastal bank of a shelf up to isobath 15m and Dniestr estuary. The analysis of outcomes of fullited works allows making the following conclusions:
1. Salinity of sea water in the region of Danube avandelta in near-surface layer is changing from 0,2 up to 9,2%о and, on the average, in summer time - 4,5%о, and in winter 4,2%о. On Sasyk-Dniestr a coastal water accordingly 5,9-16,3%о and, on the average, in summer - 10,4%о, in winter 11,9%о. Salinity of sea water is increased with depth.
2. Electroconductivity of sea water is increased with depth from 500 up to 23700 (simens) and depends on remoteness from of Danube avandelta. Electroconductivity of Dniestr estuaru waters makes 200-500 (simens).
3. Temperature of sea water decreases with depth. Pinoclin in summer time is fixed on depthes of 12-13 meters, in winter time is fixed poorly.
4. The magnification chlorinity of sea water with depth is traced, that influences contents of salinity.
5. The magnitude рН of sea water decreases with depth.
6. The contents of the dissolved oxygen in summer and winter time decreases with depth. In near-surface layer it depends on salinity in that region. In presence of diminution of salinity saturation by oxygen will increase.
7. Contents of hydrogen sulphite in summer period on a profil, on the average -1,40mg/dm3.
8. The contents of SiO2 in the bottom layer of sea water is higher than in near-surface layer.
9. The contents of polyphosphates is in dependence of a season, will increase with depth and their increased contents is dated of Danube avandelta.
10. The contents of orthophosphates, both in summer and winter time is higher in near-surface layer. In region of Danube avandelta their contents is higher, than on Sasyk -Dniestr coastal bank.
11. The content of poli- and orthophosphates in water of Dniestr estuary is higher than in sea water and during 1999-2000 years their contents has increased.
12. The contamination of sea water by nitrates and nitrites in main is dated to of Danube avandelta, and their contents in summer time is higher than in winter. The contents NO2 and NO3 decreases with depth.
13. The contamination of sea water by ammonia nitrogen, in main, is dated to of Danube avandelta and its the contents in near-surface layer of water is higher, than in bottom one. Single cases of exceeding LDC are marked.
14. Contamination of sea water by surfactans is more in region of Danube avandalta. The average value of the contents surfactans in the bottom and near-surface layer practically are identical. The contents of surfactans in winter time in water of Dniestr estuary is higher, than in sea water, and on one from stations (№ 57) in bottom water layer the contents surfactans was fixed 0,10mg/dm3 (LDC).
15. The contamination of petrolium hydrocarbons of sea water and water of Dniestr estuary is revealed on all depth. It is necessary to mark, that the contents of petrolium hydrocarbons, as a whole, below them installed LDC, but it has a proof character, and was 0.022 - 0.037 mg/dm3 in 1997-1998, has the obvious tendency of growth and already in 1999-2000 was 0,109 -0,124 mg/dm3.
16. The pollution of sea water phenols is dated to of Danube avandelta and is a little bit more for near-surface layer of water. Categorically to answer the qustions concetrning the contamination of water phenols, both on depth and on seasons, is not obviously possible yet.
17. Cases of contamination of water by toxic metals exceeding LDC, not discover.
18. The contamination of sea and estuarial water by pesticides is revealed both in near-surface layer, and in bottom layer, and, in near-surface layer, behind an elimination Linden, it is higher. Pollution of pesticides is dated to of Danube avandelta and Dniestr estuary. The contamination of pesticides of Dniestr estuaru for 1999-2000гг was increased. Especially it is typical for DDE, DDD, DDT and heptachlor.
19. The contamination of base sediments surfactans is increased in more thin litological differences of base sediments. On a comparison with data\’s of a 1992 of essential magnification of the contents surfactans base sedimets is not marked.
20. The presence of petrolium hydrocarbons in bottom sediments by all base test stations is marked. On a comparison with 1992 the magnification of the contents of petrolium hydrocarbons in sea base sediments in the region Dniestr estuary in 5 times is marked.
21. The presence of toxic metals is marked in all tests of base sediments, and, their contents behind an elemination Zn and Mn in region of Danube avandelta is higher, than on Sasyk-Dniestr a coastal bank. In the region of Dniestr estuary, in comparison with 1992, there was a magnification of contents of Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, the contents of Hg, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu is as a whole increased in thin (clay) differences of base sediments.
22. Contamination of pesticides of base sediments in region Dniestr of coastal on a comparison with 1992 increased: DDD in 1.2 times, DDE and DDТ in 2 times, a-HCH in 15 times. The increase of accumulation DDD and DDE is most typical for more thin (clay) litological types of base sediments.
23. Contents Сorg., in comparison with data\’s of 1992, in region Dniestr estuaru in base sediments increased in 9 times.
References
1. Dvoradkin A.S., Kalachlinskay E.G. Influence of the rivers Danube and Dniestr on a geologo-ecological condition of a coastal part of the Black sea. In сol. The theses of the reports XIII International schools of marine geology, Moscow, 1999y.
2. Dvoradkin A.S., Kalachlinskay E.G. The report on study of influence of the rivers Danube and Dniestr on a geologo-ecological condition of coastal territories (intermediate) Prichernomor SRGE, Odessa, 1998y
Related articles::