Development Of Unreclaimed Natural Medical Resources. As A Part Of Development
DEVELOPMENT OF UNRECLAIMED NATURAL MEDICAL RESOURCES. AS A PART OF DEVELOPMENT
OF A RECREATIONAL FACILITIES OF COASTAL ZONE BETWEEN THE DANUBE AND THE DNIESTER
E.M. Nikipelova, K.B. Zayzeva, K.E. Belenky
Ukrainian Research Institute For Medical Rehabilitation
and Resort Therapy, Odessa, Ukraine
The characteristic peculiarity of coastal zone between the Danube and the Dniester is a chain of saline lakes (the limans) – which present complexes of the limans and river estuaries on the northwestern Black Sea Coast, stretching for 330 km from the delta of the Danube up to the town Ochakov.
Already for a long time, in the given sector alongside with the known established health resorts, a series of seaside recreational districts gravitating to sand bars and estuary spit bars are spontaneously reshaped. Unsystematic development of recreational resources of the estuary liman complexes when the natural beaches of sand bars and sea aquatory are predominantly utilized, is one of the most noxious aspects of modern seaside resort managing. The short term of the bathing season of 2.0 – 2.5 months and the weak development of resort infrastructure makes it unattractive of the investment of considerable means into the capital building of recreation objects and, as a consequence, generates a mass of environment-nature protection problems.
It should be noted, that the estuary liman complexes of the northwest Black Sea coast can be described, as "finely" balanced natural systems which are in a dynamical transitional state of "coast - sea". Even a moderate anthropogenic load aroused by economic activity results in shifting of the formed equilibrium and degradation of natural resources. The number of the arising ecological problems is rather wide, and they were repeatedly reported and discussed at various conferences and consultative meetings, but, all the same, their solution will depend to a considerable degree on attractiveness of investment in to the resort recreational development of the locale.
The building of small medical health restoring complexes using the neighboring natural medical resources would push up the balneo-recreational
potential of the locale, predetermine the conditions for creating the year-round well equipped sanatorial resorts and reallocating of the anthropogenic load on the sea coast.
It would be expedient to organize such medical health-improving complexes at some distance from industrial centres, at the already available bases of rest-hotels and boarding houses, or at the independent, settlements, which have already been engaged in recreational activity.
From this point of view the coastal zone between the Danube and the Dniester is having great resort recreational prospects as its natural medical resources have not been fully claimed. The district has a whole spectrum of the natural medicinal factors; it is climate, sea coast with natural beaches, medicinal muds, mineral waters, liman brine of the limans, esthetically attractive landscapes, limans and sea aquatory. The Ukrainian Research Institute for Medical Rehabilitation and Resort Therapy has accumulated considerable factual material about natural resources of the coastal zone between the Danube and the Dniester.
In the given work it is desirable to go into more detail in describing the studied of mineral waters and medicinal muds of the described local (see Fig.). They can become the hydromineral basis for organizing the mineral water and the medical health restoring complexes and for industrial bottling of mineral waters.
Mineral waters
The hydrochemical types of mineral waters [1], detected within the limits of the coastal zone between the Danube and the Dniester are conditioned by the geologic history and constitution, as well as by the climate of the district. Within its limits aquifers and complexes dated to Sarmatian neogen formation received wide practical usage.
The encountered types of poorly or mildly mineralized underground neogen waters and their usage are given:
Various anionic composition
Sodium poorly mineralized
Natural table water: “Akermanska”, “Budjakska”, “Karolino”
Sulphate-chloride-hydrocarbonated,
Sulphate-hydrocarbonated-chloride
sodium mildly mineralized
Sanatorium: “Primorsky”
Medicinal table water: “Yasnogorodska”
Chloride-hydrocarbonated-sulphate,
hydrocarbonated-chloride-sulphate
sodium mildly mineralized
not utilized
Hydrocarbonated-sulphate,
sulphate-hydrocarbonated
sodium mildly mineralized
not utilized
Chloride-hydrocarbonated,
hydrocarbonated-chloride
sodium mildly mineralized
Sanatorium: “Zarya”, “Primorsky”
Medicinal table water: “Saratskaya”, “Tira”
Chloride
sodium mildly mineralized
Sanatorium: “Serguyevka” Medicinal table water: “Zhemchuzhina”, “Sergueyevskaya”
Poor sulphide chloride sodium
mildly and averagely mineralized
Sanatorium: “Dalny”
The mineral waters from the more ancient deposits than those in neogen have high mineralizetion and are utilized only for external application as an analogue.
Sergueyevskoye mineral waters deposit were rated and confirmed in 1979.
Medicinal muds
Medicinal muds are unique natural resources of the liman estuary complexes of the northwest Black Sea Coast. In the conditions of a warm climate of dry steppe zone finely dispersed loess masses are introduced into the saline shallow lagoons and flooded estuaries. Further through complicated biochemical processes, specific anaerobic coenoses of microorganisms are created and bottom-dwelling deposits are formed enriched with organic matter, sulphides and hydrogen sulphide.
The coastal district of the territory between the Danube and the Dniester includes a series of the limans and lagoons (Fig.), with the depth from 0.2 up to 2.0 m, separated from the sea by sand bar spits, the width varies from 100 to 500 m. In separate places the sandy-shell beach when further away from the limans and the sea passes over to saline soils.
The bottom-dwelling deposits of the limans and lagoons are presented with light grey oozes containing very many large and small shells. Over these oozes grey, dark grey, and sometimes black sulphide oozy mud occurs which gravitates mainly to the central parts of reservoirs and places protected from winds.
The studies perfomed by the Ukrainian Research Institute for Medical Rehabilitation and Resort Therapy in the 60-70 -ies have shown that the medicinal muds of practical value and in considerable quantity occur in the northern part of the Sasyk and Burnas limans. The muds occurring in the lagoons of the Zherebyatinskaya estuary bar close to the Sasyk liman were especially noted as valuable ones.
In connection with desalting of the Sasyk liman at the end of the 70-ies its mud deposits were lost.
The latest data on the lagoons of the Zherebyatinskaya estuary bar belong to 1964. At that time the Zherebyatinskaya estuary bar had 9 lagoons from 400 m up to 2 kms in length and from 15 up to 120 m in width. Under a layer of brine, and on occassion under a layer of the isolated salt or a thin layer of algae the black medicinal mud occurred, which was spread over dark grey ooze. The thickness of a mud layer reached 0,30 m. The lagoon muds are utilized by the hospital of the Desantnoye village of the Kiliysky district.
The most investigated muddy deposits of the Danube – Dniester liman groups are the sulphide oozy muds of the Burnas liman. In 1992 a detailed exploration of this field with the calculation of its reserves was performed. It has been found that the Burnas liman as to its main normative parameters meets the requirements of medicinal muds as to the quality [2], and therefore can be recommended for medical usage. However this mud is characterized by a high sand and shell contamination and in the exploitation of this field measures for their removal should be envisaged.
By the modern genetical classification the medicinal mud of the Burnas liman falls into mildly sulphide, averagely and higly mineralized chloride sodium or magnesium-sodium oozy muds. The stores of this mud field are estimated as 3040.0 thousand cubic meters, they were recommended for medical usage at the Lebedevka health resort.
Thus, the coastal zone between the Danube and the Dniester has a quite high potential of natural medicinal resources. Their usage was already partially approved by the local medical institutions. The performance of survey research works on the state of the art of mud fields is required.
References
1. Ivanov V.V., Nevrayev G.A. Classification of the underground mineral waters. М., “Nedra”, 1982, 168 pp.
2. Criteria of quality of medicinal muds in their exploration, usage and preservation (methodical instruction), USSR Ministry of Health, М., 1987, 24pp.
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